Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Impact of Obesity-Related Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis
Today’s patients, in all healthcare settings, are mostly overweight or obese. In obesity, adipose tissue lipid uptake and storage are impaired. Ectopic fat infiltrates organs like the liver, kidney and pancreas. Beyond visceral obesity, accumulation of ectopic fat in muscle is a frequent occurrence, leading to adverse body composition phenotypes characterized by reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia) and reduced muscle density (myosteatosis). This session will provide novel data from DXE and CT imaging, gold standards for body composition analysis, showing these malnutrition-related phenotypes are highly prevalent. Importantly, these phenotypes contribute to development of insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and adverse healthcare outcomes including wound-related complications, longer hospital stays, ICU admissions and readmissions. Combining imaging data with case studies and outcomes research, this session will familiarize attendees with clinical features, pathophysiology, prevalence and consequences of these insidious conditions that frequently go undiagnosed and untreated because they are masked by excess adiposity and the appearance of being well-nourished. This session will equip RDNs to take the lead in timely detection and design targeted interventions.
Learning Objectives:
- Define common malnutrition-related body composition phenotypes based on clinical features observed in gold standard DXA and CT imaging.
- Discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, and demographic diversity of malnutrition-related body composition phenotypes and their impact on health and health care outcomes.
- Apply current evidence to develop practical strategies for RDN led interventions to reverse sarcopenia and myosteatosis.
Performance Indicators:
- 8.3.1 Maintains the knowledge and skill to manage
a variety of disease states and clinical conditions. - 10.2.2 Works collaboratively with interdisciplinary team to identify and implement valid and reliable nutrition assessment tools to support access to car
- 6.3.4 Defines and establishes appropriate measurements and evaluations.
Dianna Olson, RD, LDN
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Heidi Silver, RD, PhD
Research Professor of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Barbara Gower, PhD
Professor
University of Alabama at Birmingham